Lyndon B. Johnson And Andrew Jackson - 1605 Words

Editor- Very recently, your newspaper held a poll nominating which US president to be the fifth face on the famous Mount Rushmore. The top choice was Reagan, along with others, including Lyndon B. Johnson and Andrew Jackson. I believe that Reagan does certainly deserve the honor- as a US president, Ronald Reagan changed the country, taking it out of its post-Carter economic and political gloom, won the Cold War without a bloody confrontation, and created more reforms for the economy, with an impressive increase in productivity and employment. He was the most successful president of the twentieth century. The 70 s were not the best of years. For nearly an entire decade, serious inflation and unemployment on†¦show more content†¦Consequently, he saw to strengthen the armed forces, in case of any form of attack from the Soviets. Both powers began to construct and build up arms weapons while diplomatic tensions heightened (Rossinow, 108). As this pressure mounted, the possibili ty of a nuclear war seemed more and more likely. Overseas, Reagan s administration continued to support anti-communist movements in Latin America and across Asia, including the Mujahideen in Afghanistan and the Contras in Nicaragua. Despite the increase of defense projects and counter-Soviet initiatives, Reagan did desire for negotiation and improve relations between Washington and Kremlin (Rossinow, 224). Soon afterward, during his second term, Reagan held meetings with leader Mikhail Gorbachev, with whom he negotiated a treaty to eliminate a range of nuclear weapons. Between the two men was a forged relationship- as a partnership, as friends. Reagan, surprisingly, even suggested that both powers should do what they can to ensure that such weapons entirely removed from the world (Rossinow, 232)- although the proposal s implementation did not work, it still did prove interestingly of Reagan s thinking to establish disarmament, even if it never happened. Nonetheless, ending the war a fter so many decades of tension was a monumental triumph for the US and American policy. On that front, Reagan could also be credited for the rebuilding of the military and the arms forces after Carter s time. ReaganShow MoreRelatedEssay on The United States Democratic Party History1027 Words   |  5 Pagesby  Thomas Jefferson  in the 1790s. At first Jefferson called the party the Republican Party because he wanted the US to be a republic instead of direct democracy. The name of the party was changed to Democratic-Republican in 1798. In 1828 when Andrew Jackson (who by the way was the first democratic president) was elected, he had the support of many different kind of people, because he was a new kind of politician, he got the support of poor people and people who worked in the country, rather thanRead MoreThe Cornerstone Of America s Political System1123 Words   |  5 Pageswell documented how one vote has changed the course of history. One vote gave Oliver Cromwell contro l of England, one vote made Thomas Jefferson president instead of Aaron Burr, one vote made John Quincy Adams president over Andrew Jackson, one vote saved President Andrew Johnson from impeachment, one vote ratified the 19th Amendment (women’s suffrage), and one vote made Adolf Hitler leader of the Nazi Party. (One Vote Matters) The power of one vote is limitless and is what makes the United States greatRead MoreThe Argument Against School Segregation1226 Words   |  5 PagesAlabama, by Bull Conner and other police officers. Montgomery, Alabama - The Nashville Freedom Riders are escorted from Birmingham to Montgomery, where they and reporters are attacked by approximately 200 individuals. Jackson, Mississippi - The Nashville group makes it to Jackson, Mississippi. Upon arrival, many are charged for inciting riots, disturbing the peace, and failing to obey officers, and are incarcerated at Parchman State Prison Farm in Parchman, Mississippi. Despite impending incarcerationRead Morefamous people1742 Words   |  7 Pagesobserver of our national life. 17 Ronald Reagan The amiable architect of both the conservative realignment and the Cold War’s end. 18 Andrew Jackson æ› ´Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¤ ¿ ¡Ã¦  ¯Ã¨ ¯ ·Ã¨ ® ¿Ã©â€" ®Ã¯ ¼Å¡http://www.24en.com/ The first great populist: he found America a republic and left it a democracy. 19 Thomas Paine The voice of the American Revolution, and our first great radical. 20 Andrew Carnegie The original self-made man forged America’s industrial might and became one of the nation’s greatest philanthropists. 21Read MorePresidential Election Of George Washington1824 Words   |  8 Pagescampaign schemes have emerged to supplement these tactics. The election of 1824 between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams reached unprecedented levels of controversy after Jackson won the electoral vote, but did not reach the threshold needed to win the election. The House of Representatives, despite Jackson’s majority in the electoral college, voted runner-up Adams into the presidency. Infuriated, Jackson resigned his Senate seat and formed a new party called the Democrats, with the intentionRead More The United States Government Essay example4100 Words   |  17 PagesGeorgetown University in Washington, D.C., where he again graduated first in his class. Soon after leaving Georgetown, he enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was known around the campus as an effective debater. From Harvard he earned an LL. B. Degree and in 1960 joined the Cleveland based law firm Jones, Day, Cockly and Reavis. He was one of the most straightforward conservatives on the staff and there too earned a reputation as a debater. Later, President Richard Nixon appointed ScaliaRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 PagesChapter 3 Study Guide â€Å"Settling the Northern Colonies† 1. Compare and contrast the motives of the their founders, religious and social orientation, economic pursuits, and political developments of TWO of the early colonial settlement areas: a. South b. Middle c. New England (30 pts) 2. Some historians have argued the Puritanism was especially suited for life in the wilderness of 17th century America. Do you agree or disagree? Explain (10pts) 3. To what extent had the Massachusetts Bay colonistsRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 19652010 Words   |  9 Pagesfact that much of the efforts were combatted in case-by-case litigations, many of which were not successful (The Voting Rights Act of 1965 – DOJ). Voting Rights Act of 1965. Passed on August 6, 1965, this Act came as a directive from President Lyndon B. Johnson, and was supported by both Democrats and Republicans in Congress (MacNeil 259). The bill was a result of the protests of activists in the 1960s for voting rights, sometimes resulting in violence, and culminating with the attack on peaceful protestorsRead MoreAfrican Americ Understanding Prejudice, Slavery And The U.s. Presidents1830 Words   |  8 Pageswhipping or beating and chaining or handcuffing. Despite the cruel means of punishment all three of the U.S. presidents with the highest amount of slaves owned also are on U.S. currency. In addition to, replacing the face on the U.S. $20 bill, from Andrew Jackson with Harriet Tubman, this is something I did not know. ï‚ § Slavery by Another Name Vagrancy was a law set in place for any individual who could not prove that he or she was currently employed, in addition to harsh punishments for paying off heftyRead MoreAfrican Americans And Their Troubled Past2576 Words   |  11 PagesCivil War were Gettysburg, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. The Civil War ended in 1865 with the Union earning the victory after 4 brutal years of fighting. The Reconstruction time period in the south was planned out by President Andrew Jackson. After northern voters rejected Johnson s strategies in the congressional races in late 1866, Republicans in Congress took over Reconstruction in the South. Next, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which briefly separated the South into five military

Case Study Example - 1125 Words

â€Å"Good management is working through others to accomplish task that help fulfill organizational objectives as efficiently as possible.† a) Would you agree to the above statement? Please explain your answer. No, I disagree with the above statement as efficiency was more towards achieving specific objective with minimum usage available resources and time consumption. In view of my current job in sales and marketing, if I just blindly drive my sales team to sale the products and services to fulfill the organizational sales target without considering the quality of delivery in terms of knowledge, skills, competency, and experience, time required for delivery, methods used for delivery and resources available for delivery. How long can I†¦show more content†¦This show that efficiency can drive a person or a team to complete the task as per requirement but in terms of management, it should not be just looking into efficiency but effectiveness also very important especia lly in the sales and services industry. b) If you were tasked the role of a CEO, how would you make others to accomplish tasks effectively. I am an Advance Diploma in Computer Studies holder with around 12 years of working experience from administration, event management, sales and marketing in retail and education. If I am being tasked the role of CEO in my company. I definitely will take the challenge. First, I will go to google and read some good example of a CEO in some well-known company such as SAMSUNG, APPLE, DISNEY and etc to get some inspiration and better idea on how to become a good and effective CEO in my company. I believe lead by example. I also believe people are the most important asset of an organization. How to become an effective CEO? I believe an effective CEO must be able to lead and work through people. How to tap on their talents? How to make them work for you and how to motivate them? What is their strengths and weakness? I must know my staff well and delegates the job by tapping on their talents. Being the top of the pyramid, a great CEO must be able to clearly communicate the vision of theShow MoreRelatedCase Study Essay examples1292 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study 1: Prelude To A Medical Error 1. Background Statement My case study is over chapters 4 and 7. The title is Prelude to a Medical Error. In this case study, Mrs. Bee is an elderly woman who was hospitalized after a bad fall. After her morning physical therapy, Mrs. Bee felt she could not breathe. Mrs. Bee had experienced terrible spasms in her left calf the previous evening and notified Nurse Karing. Nurse Karing proceeded to order a STAT venous Doppler X-ray to rule out thrombosis.Read MoreCase Study Example Xyz Corp.1461 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study Sample DRAFT #1 Table of Contents Overview .........................................................................................................................1 Supplier ...........................................................................................................................2 About XYZ Corporation ...................................................................................................2 End User .........................................................Rea d MoreQuality Research for Mike: An Illustrative Case Study Essay examples2082 Words   |  9 Pagesresearch involves mixing quantitative and qualitative methods. 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For example a school under certain condition of confidentiallyRead MoreSystem Analysis and Design1287 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation – small case study. Module 2: Systems Analysis and Design Life Cycle (3) Requirements determination – requirements specifications – feasibility analysis – final specifications – hardware and software study – system design – system implementation – system evaluation – system modification. Role of systems analyst – attributes of a systems analyst – tools used in system analysis Module 3: Information gathering (3) Strategies – methods – case study – documenting study – system requirementsRead MoreHow to Write a Case Study649 Words   |  3 PagesCase studies  can be used in any academic discipline. The purpose of a case study is to provide a more thorough analysis of a situation or case which might reveal interesting information about that classification of things. 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From a business perspective why is management discipline important? Compare and contrast the management discipline to medicine and law (how are these similar and how are they different - be specific in your explanations and provide examples to support your response). From a business perspective management discipline is as important as the next key factor to company success because it, â€Å"...drives the field forward† (Magretta, 9). Having discipline can help to set measurable goals, stay on trackRead MoreEssay about Reflective Diary1124 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Work based live case study module (2509) and how these experiences have impacted upon my approach towards my communication, team working, problem solving skills and other factors which were endemic within the module. After completing the first year module New enterprise journey, which is the module prior to Work based live case study. I expected the work based live case study to be similar. 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Australian Federal Election System and Doubled Solution

Question: Write an essay on "Australian federal election system and doubled solution". Answer: The procedure of double dissolution has been permitted under the Constitution of Australia in the territory of Australia. The procedure aims in resolving the deadlocks in the Parliament of Australia that is bicameral in nature. The procedure of resolution of deadlock occurs between the lower house of the Parliament that is the House of Representatives and the upper house of the Parliament that is the Senate House (Salvador Sinnott 2014). In case the conditions that are known as the trigger are satisfied, then the Government of Australia can make the request to the Governor-General of Australia to indulge himself in order to dissolve the two Houses of the Parliament and can make the call of a full and fresh election. Now, subsequent to the election if the legislation that leads to triggering of the double dissolution is not passed in the two houses by then, there has to be the joint sitting of both the Houses of the Parliament may be called to cast their vote on that particular legislation. The joint sitting that took place in the year of 1974, still remains the sole occurrence in the federal history of Australia (Barber Johnson 2014). In case if the legislation gets passed in the joint sitting of the two houses, then the legislation shall be deemed to have been passed by the both houses of the Parliament, that is the Senate House and the House of Representatives. The double dissolution stands as the only scenario where the entire house of Senate may be dissolved (Bean McAllister 2012). In the historical perspective, an election based on the procedure of double dissolution had been called in the lieu of election that has been held earlier. Such election has been held with the bill of trigger not rendering a primary role during the election campaign that is held subsequent to that. The Australian Parliamentary system is similar to the Congress of United States but not similar to the parliamentary system of Britain. The two houses of the Parliament of Australia in the general terms possess the equal and same legislative powers. The Senate House cannot make the amendment but can make the rejection of the appropriation and outright bills that have the origination in the House of Representatives. The Governments that are formed in the lower house of the Parliament of Australia may get frustrated by the Senate that is determined to make the rejection of any legislation that originates in the lower house (Bruns Highfield 2013). A certain part of Section 57 of the Australia Constitution states that procedure is taken when the lower house of the Parliament of Australia passes any law that is proposed and the Senate or the upper house makes the rejection of the same or fails to pass it or passes it with certain amendments. Such amendments may not be agreed by the lower house in the same or subsequent session. The lower house again can pass the law that is proposed without or with amendments that have been made by the Senate and again the Senate makes the rejection of the same or fail to pass it or pass it with amendments that shall not be agreed by the lower house. In this situation, the Governor-General dissolves both the houses of the Parliament of Australia simultaneously. But there has been the express stipulation in the Constitution of Australia in Section 57 that such dissolution shall not emerge or take place within the passage of six months prior to the date of expiry of the lower house by the efflux o f time (Bruns et al., 2013). The Said Section 57 also makes the provision after the election, if again the Senate rejects any bill that is subject to double dissolution for the third time, the Governor-General may arrange or convene a joint sitting of both the houses in order to make the consideration of the bill that includes the amendments that are to be made. Such amendments include the amendments that either has been proposed by the house or may be any new amendment. In case, any bill that is passed by the absolute majority of the total members of the joint sitting, then the bill is treated to be passed by both the houses and then is presented for the royal assent (Chen, 2013). In making the discussion of the double dissolution procedure, the discussion of the trigger event is needed to take into consideration. The procedure of double dissolution method comes into picture if the Lower House or the Senate fails to agree on any legislation twice. Such legislation is referred to as the proposed in Section 57 of the Australian Constitution that is commonly known as the trigger. During the existence of such a trigger, the Governor-General possess the power to make the dissolution of the two houses that is pursuant to Section 57 of the Australian Constitution. The Governor-General in such situation can also make the issue of the writs for any election in which every seat is subject to contest in the Parliament (Copeland Rmmele 2014). There are several conditions that are stipulated by the Section 57 of the Constitution of Australia. Those conditions are as follows: The trigger must have originated in the House of Representatives or the lower house. There has been the elapse of three months between the two rejections of any bill by the Senate. The term rejection may mean the failure of the Senate to pass the bill or the passing of any bill with any amendments, which shall not be agreed, by the lower house of the Parliament. The rejection that emerged for the second time must have occurred in the same session as to the first session or the subsequent session (Crocombe et al., 2014). In the Constitution of Australia, there has been no such provision for making the resolution of deadlocks in relation to those bills that originates in the Senate and are blocked or rejected by the House of Representatives or the lower house. Thought the Constitution of Australia makes the reference to the actions that are possible by the Governor-General, but it had been taken long to make the presumption by the Constitution that the Governor-General acts only on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Ministers of the Cabinet. However, in the constitutional crisis that was demonstrated in the year of 1975, the then Governor-General was under compulsion to follow the advice of the Prime Minister. In the majority of the cases, the Governor-General must be satisfied individually that those conditions that are specified in the Australian Constitution are applied properly. The Governor-General is also entitled to seek such additional advice or information from any person of the Governm ent before making any decision (da Cruz, 2013). In the case of Cormack v Cope in the year of 1974, the Chief Justice of the High Court Barwick made a unanimous decision. In delivering the decision, the Justice made the point that when there exists the disagreement regarding the any proposed law that has been subject to rejection by the Senate for twice, the Governor General has the power to dissolve the two Houses of the Parliament (Waugh et al., 2013). The Court also said that such dissolution must be done after the elapse of an appropriate time period between the rejection for the first time and the passing of the proposed law for the second time. There is the power given by the Australian Constitution in Section 5 to make the dissolution of the House of Representatives. The dissolution of the Senate or the upper house can only be done under Section 57 of the Constitution of Australia. The basis of such dissolution is has been laid down in details in the beginning of Section 57 of the Australian Constitution. The Court in delive ring the decision in the said case while exercising the power of dissolution of both the houses of the Parliament for disagreement of passing any proposed law, there can be a misconception. The misconception relates to a fact that while making the dissolution, the Governor-General does not dissolve the Houses in relation to any particular law. He or she makes such dissolution merely (Griffin, 2014). Hence, from the above discussion it can be said that the Governor-General performs the act of dissolution of the houses on his own by way of proclamation. It also seems that such proclamation include any recital to that effect that is possessed by any specific law that is proposed. Justice Barwick also mentioned that such recital that is referred to any proposed law is not necessary (McCrea et al., 2015). That may act as misleading. In the first instance, it is not in the hands of the Governor-General to make the decision regarding the fact whether the occasion of taking the decision of double dissolution has arisen. Justice Barwick also made the point that it shall be given to discretion of the Court to decide if such situation of taking the decision of double dissolute has arisen. But Justice Barwick also held that the Governor-General should also possess the option of deciding the situation whether the situation of taking the decision of double dissolution has arisen. In case he f ails to decide, he can make the approach to the Court (McCabe, 2014). In any election that is following any double dissolution, every State makes the election of their 12-seat delegation of Senate, while two territories make the representation in the Senate, each make the election of two senators as in an ordinary federal election. As all the seats are contested in the same election, it becomes easier for the parties who are smaller to win the seats under the proportional voting system in the Senate. The quota for the purpose of election of every senator in each State of Australia in a full election of Senate is 7.69% (Phillips Spinks 2013). While in any normal election of half-Senate, the quota is 14.28%. The threshold is low for the small parties. The threshold for the significant parties is more, and there is rounding effect in the distribution of the votes of the candidates. The procedure of double dissolution favors that have a vote that is significantly greater or larger than the multiple that is required in the double dissolution vote and also greater than the normal quota multiple (Newman Head 2015). It is unlike in the case of a normal half election of the senate, the new elected Senate like that of the House, takes the office immediately. There is the alteration in the Senate cycle with the results of the election of the double dissolution. From the history of political perspective, there have been seven double dissolutions in Australia. Such dissolutions occurred in the year of 1914, 1951, 1974, 1975, 1983, 1987 and in the year of 2016. But, the joint sitting that is under the Section 57 of the Constitution has only taken place in the Year of 1974 (Phillips Spinks 2013). In the year of 1974, the Labor Government was unable to pass a large amount of bills through the Senate that was hostile. The Government then announced an election of half-Senate is going to be conducted. That announcement took the matter to the High Court of Australia. The High Court made the decision regarding the fact that the question of validity of the Petroleum and Minerals Authority Act 1973, has no effective cause to make the double dissolution of the houses of the Parliament. The Court also held the fact that the there is no sufficient time for the Senate either to pass the said legislation (Robertson, 2014). Reference List Barber, S., Johnson, S. (2014). Federal election results 19012014.Research Paper Series 2014,15. Bean, C., McAllister, I. (2012). 27. Electoral Behaviour in the 2010 Australian Federal Election.Julia 2010: The caretaker election, 341. Bruns, A., Highfield, T. (2013). Political networks on Twitter: Tweeting the Queensland state election.Information, Communication Society,16(5), 667-691. Bruns, A., Highfield, T., Sauter, T. (2013). # ausvotes Mark Two: Twitter in the 2013 Australian Federal Election.Selected Papers of Internet Research. Chen, P. J. (2013).Australian politics in a digital age. ANU Press. Copeland, L., Rmmele, A. (2014). Beyond the Base? Political Parties, Citizen Activists, and Digital Media Use in the 2009 German Federal Election Campaign.Journal of Information Technology Politics,11(2), 169-185. Crocombe, L. A., Slack-Smith, L., Bell, E., Barnett, T. (2014). The changing oral health situation in Australia and moving towards primary oral health care. da Cruz, M. (2013). Annandale on the Web-2013 Federal Election. Griffin, D. (2014). Postscript: Australian Educational Futures After the 2013 Federal Election. InEducation Reform: The Unwinding of Intelligence and Creativity(pp. 307-315). Springer International Publishing. McCabe, K. (2014). Policy, politics, and personalities: Tony Abbotts and Kevin Rudds use of social media during the 2013 Australian federal election. InAustralian and New Zealand Communication Association Annual Conference(pp. 1-22). ANZCA. McCrea, R., Leviston, Z., Walker, I., Shyy, T. K. (2015). Climate Change Beliefs Count: Relationships With Voting Outcomes at the 2010 Australian Federal Election.Journal of Social and Political Psychology,3(1), 124-141. Newman, J., Head, B. W. (2015). Categories of failure in climate change mitigation policy in Australia.Public Policy and Administration, 0952076714565832. Phillips, J., Spinks, H. (2013). Boat arrivals in Australia since 1976.Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Parliamentary Library: Australian Government. Robertson, J. (2014). The Sept. 2013 Australian Federal Election One era ends, and another begins.,4(1), 189-203. Salvador, E., Sinnott, R. O. (2014). A Cloud-based Exploration of Open Data: Promoting Transparency and Accountability of the Federal Government of Australia. InSIMBig(pp. 22-32). Waugh, B., Abdipanah, M., Hashemi, O., Rahman, S. A., Cook, D. M. (2013). The Influence and Deception of Twitter: the authenticity of the narrative and slacktivism in the Australian electoral process.

The European Unification Essays - Council Of Europe,

The European Unification The European Unification 500 years ago, the European age began. Portuguese seafarers swept Europe out of the medieval age, and boldly helped Europe to grow. During the European age, constant wars were fought among the many nations that made up Europe. By 1945, Europe had all but destroyed itself. With the end of the 20th century, Europe has been given a historic opportunity, a united Europe, it is a chance at new life, a miracle as some consider it. On January 1, 1999, champagne corks popped, fireworks lit up the skies, and the peoples in Europe were happy. What is important about this date? January 1, 1999 marked the launching of the new single currency for the European Union, the euro. Many see this as a giant step towards Europe's long quest for unity. The Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf hailed the launch of the euro as the ?crown upon European unification.? After many decades of dreams, diplomacy, and delays, European unity seemed closer than ever. However as you shall see, the European Union will not benef it Europe, rather it will serve as a detriment. In order to decide whether the EU will serve to benefit Europe, or hurt it, we need to consider the history behind Europe. In 1993, the European Union was started. Across all of Europe it was hailed as a new opportunity for peace, something that could not be rejected. The EU began with five countries, who signed a pact to unite and grow stronger. Now, in the year 2000, the European Union has grown to some 15 member countries, joined together for a common cause: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These countries have at great expense, decided to make the change from individual countries, to a united group of people. The rules and requirements are strict, or else many more countries would have already joined. As it is, there are many countries waiting in the wings, waiting to be accepted into the European Union; countries like Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hung ary, Poland, and Slovenia. There are eight others that are awaiting their turn, but cannot join as of yet, since the entrance fee does not come cheap. However, in time, most of Europe will join the EU and a new United States of Europe will be born... hopefully. What is the purpose of the EU? Well, in short, unity. All of Europe, for once, working towards the same goals; no more wars, no more violence, stability, and peace. These are goals every nation in the world strives towards These are the three pillars which the European Union is based on: Pillar One: abides by the Treaty of Rome, as revised by the Single European Act, it introduces a single market, where all can share and prosper, it includes democracy in Europe, and the European Monetary Union (single currency, European Central Bank, single monetary policy, coordination of economic policies) Pillar Two: established the Common Foreign Policy and Common Security Policy which make it impossible for the Union to take joint action in foreign and security affairs. Pillar Three: establishes an asylum policy, rules on crossing state borders, an immigration policy, the combating of illegal activities, and includes customs, police and judicial cooperation. These are the three pillars upon which all the EU must abide. The European Union offers much for Europe: a common constitution, a single economy and currency, a common foreign policy, as well as common security and defense policies. It offers to give Europe the ability to become a major world power, with an economy that can compete with the U.S. economy. If everything works out, the European unifications will strengthen Europe, not only in its economy but in every other area as well. And indeed, improvements can be seen. The European Union has already begun to expand Europe's economy. Previously, countries such as Finland had as little a gain as 4% on their exports. Now revenues have increased 25% or more in these countries. Not only Europe's economy has grown, but so has its security, as well as its peace. Tariffs have been removed, and borders are marked merely by signs, along with small guard

Why the Conservative party lost popularity between 1900-1905 Essays

Why the Conservative party lost popularity between 1900-1905 Essays Why the Conservative party lost popularity between 1900-1905 Paper Why the Conservative party lost popularity between 1900-1905 Paper The conservative party lost an enormous amount of popularity between the years 1900-1905, this loss of popularity affected them in the 1906 election, during the run up to the election certain things the conservatives did had an impact on the end outcome. I will be explaining these factors which I think were mostly to blame. The Anglo-Boer War in 1899-1902, the Taff vale decision in 1901 and the causes of Chinese slavery all had an impact on the loss of popularity. The Anglo-Boer war arose from an unexpected dispute; this was between the Dutch and the British. Reasons why the conservative’s party lost popularity were due to the conservatives provoking the war without a valid reason, the war started out of nowhere. Britain had intentions of becoming a powerful nation, in order to satisfy this Chamberlain made unreasonable demands on Boer, meaning Boer had no choice and they were forced to retaliate. The war was moving at a slow pace and nothing much was happening. It was obvious that the war was deliberately done making the people of Britain very upset, ‘Pro-Boers’ were known as people against Britain at war. The Pro-Boers questioned the morality and realism of their country, and how it was so obvious that it was purposely done. People of Britain were deprived and unhappy, this hate affected the conservative’s popularity and the public could not trust them in power. Therefore meant that many people opposed the conservatives in starting the Anglo-Boer, this clearly shows that it affected the public back home and it was obvious that the party wasn’t going to have support. This is one of the reasons why they lost popularity between 1900 and 1905. In 1900, the Taff Vale Railway Company in South Wales went on strike with their union. However this strike caused major conflict between the Union and the company. The company did not accept the strike movement so they decided to hire non-union workers to replace the union ones. By doing this they took the opportunity to take the union workers to court for illegal picketing. The railway company won this case and the workers were forced to come back to work empty handed. After the victory of this case, the company took the union workers to the courts once again, this time the case went to the House of Lords, and The House of Lords accepted the company’s decision and the workers were highly disappointed that the conservatives were not in favour of the working class. Considering the House of Lords are mostly made up of wealthy individuals and are supporters of the conservative party, it was fairly quick for the British public to realise how ignorant the conservative party were to the working class. This shocked many people and this was possibly one of the main reasons why the Tories lost popularity. They clearly had no moral empathy towards the working class and they didn’t receive any acceptance or recognition from the working class. Once of the minor issues that affected the Tories popularity was when, Arthur Balfour was accused of Chinese Slaves in Africa working on gold and diamond mines. This was seen as very disrespectful, due to them making others work for them, it certainly was selfish of Balfour to do that. These slaves would work in appalling conditions. The public to hear these disheartening stories gave them a fright. People of Britain couldn’t penetrate why Balfour was doing such corruption to Britain as a country, setting out negativity to neighbouring countries. Over all the public was unhappy over the inadequacy of the government which would have lost party support and popularity. Between 1900-1905, the conservatives party was in a very bad position, due to many of their decisions, one of the factors that led them to loss of popularity was the Anglo-Boer war, the public reaction to the was not supportive. The manner of Britain was highly selfish and pointless, because they gained nothing from that war, it was unnecessary and a waste of time. Britain was embarrassed, and this is one of the reasons they lost their popularity. Using Chinese slaves to work in the gold and diamond mines in Africa was also an immense disappointment for the public, as they saw it as moral wrong doings. This put Balfour in a shameless position; he was hated by many and lost major support, setting out a bad example to the people of Britain and neighbouring countries. Lastly the most important and effective way they lost the acceptance was the Taff Vale decision, just because it was the decline of the workers not allowing them to go on strike even though they had the full backing and financial aid of their union, it was very unfair and it demonstrated that the Tories were not supporters of the working class, they were for the upper class, this controversy was one of the main reasons why they lost fame, it outweighed the other factors because they separated the workers into a group of their own with no supporters certainly wasn’t fair to the workers. This was definitely the main reason why the conservative party lost recognition and supporters.

Understanding How Detergents Actually Work

Understanding How Detergents Actually Work Detergents and soaps are used for cleaning because pure water cant remove oily, organic soiling. Soap cleans by acting as an emulsifier. Basically, soap allows oil and water to mix so that oily grime can be removed during rinsing. Surfactants Detergents were developed in response to the shortage of the animal and vegetable fats used to make soap during World War I and World War II. Detergents are primarily surfactants, which could be produced easily from petrochemicals. Surfactants lower the surface tension of water, essentially making it wetter so that it is less likely to stick to itself and more likely to interact with oil and grease. Additional Ingredients Modern detergents contain more than surfactants. Cleaning products may also contain enzymes to degrade protein-based stains, bleaches to de-color stains and add power to cleaning agents, and blue dyes to counter yellowing. Like soaps, detergents have hydrophobic or water-hating molecular chains and hydrophilic or water-loving components. The hydrophobic hydrocarbons are repelled by water but are attracted to oil and grease. The hydrophilic end of the same molecule means that one end of the molecule will be attracted to water, while the other side is binding to oil. How Detergents Work Neither detergents nor soaps  accomplish anything except binding to the soil until some mechanical energy or agitation is added into the equation. Swishing the soapy water around allows the soap or detergent to pull the grime away from clothes or dishes and into the larger pool of rinse water. Rinsing washes the detergent and soil away. Warm or hot water melts fats and oils so that it is easier for the soap or detergent to dissolve the soil and pull it away into the rinse water. Detergents are similar to soap, but they are less likely to form films (soap scum) and are not as affected by the presence of minerals in the water (hard water). Modern Detergents Modern detergents may be made from petrochemicals or from oleochemicals derived from plants and animals. Alkalis and oxidizing agents are also chemicals found in detergents. Heres a look at the functions these molecules serve: Petrochemicals/Oleochemicals: These fats and oils are hydrocarbon chains which are attracted to the oily and greasy grime.Oxidizers: Sulfur trioxide, ethylene oxide, and sulfuric acid are among the molecules used to produce the hydrophilic component of surfactants. Oxidizers provide an energy source for chemical reactions. These highly reactive compounds also act as bleaches.Alkalis: Sodium and potassium hydroxide are used in detergents even as they are used in soapmaking. They provide positively charged ions to promote chemical reactions.

Sacagawea-the greatest souls so easily forgotten Essay

Sacagawea-the greatest souls so easily forgotten - Essay Example There had been only scare legitimate information on the life and times of Sacagawea, but the reality which remains quite clear is that the lady deserved to be adorned as a crucial part in the American history. Sacagawea was only 16 years of age when she joined the Lewis and Clarke expedition (National Park Service, 2007). There is difference of opinion on the early years of her life. The year of birth of Sacagawea is supposed to be 1790 (National Park Service, 2007). One of the argument about her life history is that the girl which born as the daughter Shoshone chief, was kidnapped by Hidatsa and was taken to their village in Missouri at an age of ten. She was married there by a French trapper named Toussaint Charbonneau (PBS, 2008). When Lewis and Clarke engaged Toussaint Charbonneau in the team of expedition as an interpreter with exposure to the local people and conditions, his wife Sacagawea also joined the team. Her expertise in the Shoshone language prompted the team leaders to engage her so that she may be of help to them in taking help from Shoshone tribes in exploring and fighting over the naturally complex terrains and water heads (Clark & Edmonds, 1983). The factor of sacrifice and hardship that Sacagawea had made is confirmed while considering the fact she was pregnant when joining the tedious Lewis and Clarke expedition as an interpreter. Sacagawea proved to be a real heroine while being with the team. In 1805, she rescued quite crucial documents which included journal of the expedition from the river as it fell down from the boat. In recognition of her timely action, the leaders of the team named the river after her as Sacagawea River (Clark & Edmonds, 1983). In this context, it must be remembered with honor that without the help and service of Sacagawea the evidence of the so crucial periods in the history of American land would have been lost. Later the role Sacagawea as a

Decisionmaking behavior of the president during a major international Essay

Decisionmaking behavior of the president during a major international or domestic crisis - Essay Example For a time, the airline industry encountered severe economic difficulties. Analysis – Reagan’s decision may be due to his strong work ethics that he developed as a result of his childhood experiences. It was marked by poverty, an alcoholic father and a long-suffering, â€Å"do-gooder† mother. Despite said hardship, Reagan maintained an optimistic outlook that often defied the reality around him. He believed of hardship and that hard work will help people improve their economic standing. When the air controllers refused to abide his bidding, he might have thought of the consequence that time was wasted and that many under privilege would grab the chance to work for the government. Specially, since the time was marked with high unemployment rate. Another thought that must be considered was that his decision was not actually his idea. It could be influenced by his advisers and staff. For one thing known about President Reagan, he is constantly in conference with his government officials. It is good though that he was firm with his decision because it manifested strength as being the leader of the U.S. During the term of President Reagan, the country was in deep recession. To describe the U.S. economy, it was marked with peaked energy prices, high inflation rate and high rate of unemployment. Reagan entered his term with clear goals to change the existing system. From liberal social policy, Reagan wanted to reduce both the size and role of government in the country.1 His domestic policy agenda was concentrated on cutting taxes, balancing the budget, withdrawing support for social welfare programs, and returning powers to state government. He believed that if these can be done by the U.S., the federal government will be able to save billions of dollars and stimulate the economy at the same time.2 He then supported the Reaganomics which was the most ambitious reform effort of the Reagan government since the New

Integrated Marketing Communications Essay Example for Free

Integrated Marketing Communications Essay Definition: Integrated Marketing Communication Definition: IMC is a concept of marketing communications planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communications disciplines – for example, general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations – and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communications impact by The American Association of Advertising Agencies (the 4A’s) The Emergence of IMC The Market revolution forcing a movement towards IMC: †¢ †¢ A shift of marketing dollars from media advertising to other forms of promotion, particularly consumer and trade oriented sales promotions A movement away from relying on advertising-focused approaches, which emphasize mass media such as television and national magazines, to solve communication problems A shift in marketplace power from the manufacturer to the retailer The rapid growth and development of database marketing Demands for greater accountability from advertising agencies and changes in the way agencies are compensated The rapid growth of the Internet, which is changing the very nature of how companies do business and the ways they communicate and interact with consumers †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The Role of Marketing Communication Marketing communication performs several functions for consumers: †¢ Consumers are told how the product is used, by what kind of person, and where and when †¢ Consumers learn about who makes the product and what the company and the brand stand for †¢ It allows companies to link their brands to other people, places, events, brands, experiences, feelings, and things †¢ It also contributed to brand equity by establishing the brand in memory and crafting a brand image Marketing communication contributes specifically to brand equity in the following ways: †¢ By creating awareness of the brand †¢ Linking the right associations to the brand image in the consumer’s memory †¢ Eliciting positive brand judgments or feelings †¢ Facilitating a stronger consumer-brand connection Marketing Communication Forms Marketing communication consists of 6 major modes of communication: Advertising: Any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor Sales Promotion: A variety of short-term incentives to encourage trial or purchase of a product or a service Events and Experiences: Company sponsored activities and programs designed to create daily or special brandrelated interactions Public relations and publicity A variety of programs designed to promote or protect a company’s image or its individual products Direct marketing: Use of mail, telephone, fax, e-mail, or internet to communicate directly with or solicit response or dialogue from specific customers or prospects Personal selling: Face-to-face interaction with one or more prospective purchasers for the purpose of making presentations, answering questions, and procuring orders Advertising Sales Promotion Events

Cinematic Interpretation of Stepping Razor Red X: the Peter Tosh Story :: essays papers

Cinematic Interpretation of "Stepping Razor Red X": the Peter Tosh Story Films are designed for numerous purposes, some entertain, frighten, enlighten, educate, inspire, and most make us think about the world we live in. This paper will be focused on the cinematic interpretation of the film "Stepping Razor Red X", the Peter Tosh Story. The makers of a film from the writer, director, cinematographer and the art director, design, and conceptualize what they want the viewer to see. Movie makers have agendas. They get their ideas across by using cinematic techniques and styles which make us view a certain subject in the light that they put it in. I will discuss the differing techniques used by the makers of "Stepping Razor" and describe what the overall impression of the movie has on the viewer, and what the agenda of the director is. Genre "Genre: A group of films having recognizably similar plots, character types, settings, filmic techniques, and themes." (Konigsberg:165) The Genre of this film is difficult to define because it is not composed of a single agenda. The director makes a point of talking about Tosh’s life, but because of the cinematic themes and the film’s style it is not solely a documentary. This film is also a multimedia film because elements of music and concert footage are added to the essential plot. This film is avant-garde in it’s nature. "Avant-garde [refers to films that] deny the traditional narrative structure and techniques of commercial films by seeking to explore new modes of visual and emotional experience." (Konigsberg:25) It could be considered an anthology film, because of the various concert footage that is woven throughout the movie. "An Anthology film is a full length film made up of excerpts from other films which are related by some theme [or] the appearance of the same performer." (Konigsberg:16) "Stepping Razor" also has elements of Cinema Verite. "Cinema Verite†¦applies to a series of documentary films which strive for immediacy, spontaneity, and authenticity through the use of portable and unobtrusive equipment and the avoidance of and preconceived narrative line or concepts concerning the material." (Konigsberg:57) "Stepping Razor" may also be put under the category of art film. "Art film [is] a type of film with serious artistic intentions as distinct from the commercial films made in Hollywood."(Konigsberg:20) This film also has elements of a propaganda film. "Propaganda films [are] made with the intention of persuading the audience to a particular point of view concerning the subject†¦relying on the apparently real and factual nature of the images on the screen and often using an authoritative voice-over to sway.

Term Paper Guidelines

GENERAL GUIDELINES The Term Paper Report should be written using General Guidelines below and should contain the following parts: 1. Pretext page Cover page Title Page Abstract Page Acknowledgements (optional) Declaration Table of Contents List of Figures (If Applicable) List of Tables (If Applicable) List of abbreviations and symbols (If Applicable) 2. Introduction (2pages) 3. Literature Review (3pages) 4. Discussion Acknowledgement Table of Contents Pretext Page Declaration Cover Page 5. Conclusion and Recommendation (1page) 6. References (1page) 7. Appendices Guidelines on Content WRITING YOUR PRETEXT PAGESCover Page – the page should display: Name of Institute Students Full Name (as it appears on the Faculty Register) Students ID Number (as it appears on the Faculty Register) Signature Internship Start and Finish Dates Cover Page should be in standard format as shown below GHANA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TERM PAPER REPORT Student Name : Student ID N O : Title Page should be in standard format as shown below GIMPA BUSINESS SCHOOL GREENHILL COLLEGE Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Month, Year Abstract, Acknowledgement And Table Of ContentAbstract Describe where your internship/work was conducted (name of company, department, location, type of business). Summarize your internship goals, activities, and accomplishments, highlighting key knowledge or skills gained. How did this internship benefit you, and how did it benefit the company? The abstract is limited to half page. It should be 1. 0 line-spaced, using only one side of the paper, and should be within the internship report margin requirements. Acknowledgement/Dedication If you wish, you may include a page with a brief note of dedication or acknowledgment of help received from specific individuals.Declaration – it should read as below I, the undersigned, declare that this Internship Report is my original work and that it has not been presented in any other University or Institution for academic credit. Student full name and ID †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Signature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Table of Content Internship report should have a Table of Contents for the convenience of the reader. If figures or tables are used in the text, a separate List of Figures or List of Tables should be included as per pretext page guidelines Introduction of the Organization and Problem AnalysisThis chapter should include the following: Branch of trade / field Structure (size, departments) Field of (business) activity / responsibilities Problem analysis [d escription of challenges the intern experienced( but should be managemnt related and not personal issues)] This section should answer the following questions: What is the full title of the organization? Give a brief history of the company, full mailing address and relevant web links. What is the type of ownership of the organization? What sector does the organization operates in? Provide an organizational chart of the organizationWhat are the problems observed How the problems outlined affect the organization Why management should pay attention to the problems Literature Review Students should place their internship/work in the context of their area of study/specialization e. g. marketing, finance etc. As candidates for an undergraduate degree, they should demonstrate your familiarity with the literature that is relevant to their experience, and ability to evaluate that literature critically, and to apply it in the practical circumstances of the internship i. e. in relation to the p roblem analysis.Include minimum of five(5) references in your literature review. Discussion †¢How has knowledge acquired during studies at Greenhill assisted in resolving issues in your organization (issues mean challenges, opportunities etc) †¢Indicate how the internship/work attunes to the your study program, future plans – work or further study This is the heart of the report. Explain what was learned from the internship/work. The student is to give a vivid description of the business they did during internship based on their area of study and any other extra duty performed.In this section the report should answer the following questions: †¢What skills and experiences were gained from the intership/work? †¢What kind of responsibilities were undertaken during the internship/work? †¢How are the activities carried out during internship correlated with classroom knowledge? †¢How the internship will influence interns future career plans? It should express the following: †¢Evaluation of the assigned tasks and the individual work performance †¢Implications for future study and career planning †¢Comparison of goals and expectations with actual experience Social conditions during internship(atmosphere, work climate, mentoring situation) Conclusions and Recommendation This section should include the following †¢A summary of key conclusions derived from the Internship experience. †¢General observations about the sector in which your Internship organization operates References students need to support their work with available literature, for instance the company website, pamphlets, publications etc. Use the APA Format of referencing Examples include: 1. One author – (Jones, 1995) or (Jones, 1995; Smith, 1996). 2.Two authors – (Jones and Kane, 1994) or (Jones and Kane, 1994; Smith, 1996). 3. More than two authors – (Jones et al. , 1995) or (Jones et al. , 1995a; Jones et al. , 1995b; Smi th et al. , 1994; Smith et al. , 1995). References are listed in alphabetical osrder according to surname and initials of first author. Use the following as an example: Rochlin, M. W. , Itoh, K. , Adelstein, R. S. and Bridgman, P. C. (1995). Localization of myosin IIA and B isoforms in cultured neurons. J. Cell Sci. 108, 3661-3670 Number Of Copies You will need to bind one official copy of your Term Paper Report.Submit spiral bound copy to the Grennhill College Secretariate (SB 219) Paper, Font And Spacing The Term Paper Report must be printed on standard size, white, A4 (8. 27† * 11. 69†)80g/m? paper †¢Use double line spacing throughout and print on only one side of the paper. †¢Use regular, unadorned print (i. e. New Times Roman), 12 point font size for text. †¢Scientific names of genera should be underlined or printed in true italics †¢Print in black and white Chapter headings can be in different font but should be consistent in the whole document MarginsThe Term Paper Report should have a minimum margin of 1-1/2 inches (for binding purposes) on the left side of the page; 1 inch at the right side; 1-1/4 inches at the top and bottom of the page. Pagination All pages except the title page should be numbered. This includes full-page photographs, charts and graphs, the bibliography, and appendices. For the pretext pages, use small Roman numerals (ii, iii, etc. ). Page i is the abstract page, but the page number is not printed on this page. The first item on the Table of Contents list should be the Abstract.This will be followed by the title page, and dedication or acknowledgment section you may wish to include. This is numbered in the small roman series, with the page numbers displayed. The remainder of the internship report is numbered with Arabic numerals (1, 2, etc. ). The page numbers that are displayed must be centered at the bottom of each page, within the bottom margin. Style The Term Paper Report is expected to be analyti cal rather than descriptive. It should contain accurate, factual information together with sound arguments, conclusions and recommendations.

Analyzing hso

Sandra Esqueda Elizabeth Montelongo Emma Johnson The Area Agency on Aging department that we visited is located on 255 S Kansas Ave in Weslaco, Texas. The representative that spoke to us on behalf of The Area Agency on Aging is named Vivian Moreno who is a social worker with a BSW. The Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council ( LRGVDC) was designated in 1984 by the Texas Department on Aging as the Area Agency on Aging of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, one of 28 such area agencies.These agencies were created by the 1973 amendments o the Older Americans Act of 1965 to ensure that individuals aged 60 and over are treated with dignity, given independence, and provided with the opportunity to contribute to their communities. (http://www. lrgvdc. org/aging. html) Task Environment: Relationships with Funding Sources: Cash Revenues: Area Agency on Aging depends on funds coming from state and local funds. Funds are filtered down from the national level and then distributed throughout the sta te for the Rio Grande Branch the break-down of funds was as followed: Ill-B Supportive service- $420,000 Ill-c Nutrition servtce-$Ill-E Caregiver- S For a Total -$ Vivian also informed us that on top of the budget that they have for the fiscal year they also get funds from the local level and some contribution but they are normally a minimal amount. Vivian also revealed to us that the numbers she gave us were numbers from this year and the fiscal year had ended already and are waiting for their new budget but will not receive those numbers until January 2014. Area Agency on Aging, Vivian Moreno) Noncash revenues: The agency does use volunteers especially for their Foster

Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)

Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples) Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples) Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples) By Ali Hale At some point in life, you’re almost certainly going to have to write a reference letter for someone. It might be a former employee or student, or even a family friend. Here’s what you need to know about the purpose of reference letters and how to write the most effective letter possible. Note: I will be using â€Å"candidate† to refer to the person who the reference letter is about, â€Å"you† to refer to the person writing the reference letter, and â€Å"recipient† to refer to the person receiving the letter. I’ll emphasise here, though, that reference letters are not only for job or academic â€Å"candidates†, it’s just a handy term to use to keep this article straightforward! What is a reference letter and when are they used? A reference letter is usually written to testify to a person or (occasionally) a company’s skills, character and/or achievements. Sometimes a reference letter is known as a â€Å"recommendation letter†. It is a formal document, and should be typed and written in a serious and business-like style. Reference letters are used in a wide variety of situations; there is no definitive list that covers all possible scenarios. The most common examples are: When a candidate applies for a job, they may need a reference to support their application. If an interviewee is given a job offer, they may need to supply a reference letter before the contract can be signed. A student applying for an academic course often requires a reference letter to support their application. A student applying for funding will often need to supply reference letters. Companies may use reference letters as testimonies to their trustworthiness and ability to carry out a job well. Prospective tenants may need to provide their landlord with a reference letter, testifying to their good financial status. (This could be from a prior landlord or from a current employer.) Who should write a reference letter? If you are approached and asked to write a reference letter for a job candidate, a student or a company, consider whether you can legitimately do so. A reference letter is a formal document, and it is crucial that you do not lie or fudge the truth in it, or there could be legal repercussions. If someone wants a reference letter from you: The candidate should be someone you know reasonably well. For example, you cannot provide any authoritative comment on the academic ability of a student who’s only been attending your lectures for a week. You should know the candidate in a capacity which gives you the ability to write a meaningful reference. For example, if you have worked with the person, it would be appropriate for you to write a reference letter to a prospective employer for them. You should be able to provide an honest and positive reference. If you truly feel that the candidate has no good qualities for you to emphasis, or if you have had a personality clash with them in the past, you should tell them to seek a reference letter from someone else. What goes into a reference letter? The exact structure of a reference letter will differ slightly depending on the type of reference it is, but this is a good basic outline: Start using the business letter format: put the recipient’s name and address, if known, and address them as â€Å"Dear [name]†. If the recipient is currently unknown (this would be likely on an academic application, for instance), then use â€Å"Dear Sir/Madam† or â€Å"To whom it may concern†. It is often helpful to introduce yourself in the first couple of lines of your letter. The recipient will not need your life history: just give a brief sentence or two explaining your position and your relationship to the candidate. Your next paragraph should confirm any facts which you know the candidate will be supplying along with your letter. For example, if you are writing a reference for a job applicant, some or all of these details may be appropriate: The person’s job title, and role within the company. The person’s leaving salary when they were last employed by you (or your organisation). The dates which the person was employed from and until. If you are writing a reference letter for an academic course, you will need to confirm the person’s academic grades. In your third paragraph, you should provide your judgement upon the candidate’s skills and qualities. It is often appropriate to state that you would gladly re-employ them, or that their contributions to your college class were highly valued. Single out any exceptional qualities that the candidate has – perhaps their drive and enthusiasm, their attention to detail, or their ability to lead. Where possible, use your fourth paragraph to give a couple of concrete examples of times when the candidate excelled. (You may want to ask the candidate to tell you about any extra-curricular projects they’ve been involved in, or invite them to highlight anything they’d particularly like you to include in the reference letter.) Close your letter on a positive note, and if you are willing to receive further correspondence about the candidate’s application, make this clear. Include your contact details too. As with any business letter, you should end appropriately; â€Å"Yours sincerely† when you are writing to a named recipient, and â€Å"Yours faithfully† when you do not know who will be receiving the letter. Things to avoid Make sure that you avoid: Mentioning any weaknesses the candidate has. Saying anything that could be construed as libel. Writing in an informal manner: keep the letter business-like. Jokes, slang and casual language are not appropriate and may harm the candidates chances. Including personal information not relevant to the application. Mentioning the candidate’s race, political stance, religion, nationality, marital status, age or health is usually inappropriate. Spelling mistakes, sloppy writing or typos: this letter is hugely important to the candidate, and you should take care to make it look professional. Reference Letter Examples There are a number of good templates for reference letters available on Business Balls. I’ve included one below, which would be appropriate for a general-purpose reference – if you were writing a reference in your capacity as the candidate’s former employer, you would need to include more specific details: Date To whom it may concern I confirm that I have known (name) for (number) years. (State relationship social, business, working together in some other capacity, club, activity, project, etc.) At all times I have found (name/him/her) to be (state characteristics eg, dependable, reliable, hard-working, conscientious, honest, peace-loving, courteous, etc to be as helpful as possible think about what the reader will most prefer to see, in terms of satisfying concerns, or seeing evidence of relevant required skills or characteristics). Im happy to provide further information if required. (optional) Yours faithfully, etc. You can find examples of full reference letters on About.com’s â€Å"job searching† section. They list letters appropriate for a variety of different situations: here’s one from a previous employer in support of a job candidate: To Whom it May Concern: I highly recommend Jane Doe as a candidate for employment. Jane was employed by Company Name as an Administrative Assistant from 2002 2005. Jane was responsible for office support including word processing, scheduling appointments and creating brochures, newsletters, and other office literature. Jane has excellent communication skills. In addition, she is extremely organized, reliable and computer literate. Jane can work independently and is able to follow through to ensure that the job gets done. She is flexible and willing to work on any project that is assigned to her. Jane was quick to volunteer to assist in other areas of company operations, as well. Jane would be a tremendous asset for your company and has my highest recommendation. If you have any further questions with regard to her background or qualifications, please do not hesitate to call me. Sincerely, John Smith Title Company Address Phone Email If you are still unsure what best to include in the reference letter, imagine yourself in the position of the candidate’s prospective employer, or of the panel reading his/her academic application. What information would they need to know? What qualities would they like their candidates to have? Obviously, you should never lie or mislead in a reference letter, but you should try to focus on areas which will give the recipient the most useful information possible about the candidate. Video Recap How to Ask for a Reference Letter If you’re in the position of requiring a reference from a past employer or from someone who taught you at school or university, then you need to approach them in an appropriate way. â€Å"Appropriate† might be quite formal or quite informal, depending on your relationship with them. For instance, if you’re approaching a lecturer who taught you along with dozens of other students and who does not know you well, it’s appropriate to be quite formal; if you’re approaching your former line manager, who you shared nights out and weekends away with for years, then being formal would seem strangely standoffish. In a fairly formal context, you might write something like this: Dear (name) I hope all is going well (at their company / in their department). I’m applying for (give brief details of the role or position you’re applying for). Would you be able to provide a reference letter for me? I’d be very grateful. You can send it to   (add the name and contact details here) With thanks in advance, (Your name) If you’re approaching someone who you’re on very friendly terms with, it’s really up to you to decide what to say. Whatever the situation, it often makes sense to mention particular points that it would be helpful for the reference to cover (e.g. â€Å"The company is especially keen to know about my experience with summarising complex information quickly, as that will be a major part of the role.†) It can also be helpful to include details that the person writing the letter may not be aware of. For instance, if you took part in significant extra-curricular activities at university alongside your studies, you may want to mention this. Writing a Reference Letter: Quick Summary When you’re writing a reference letter, you should: Ascertain why the referee needs the letter. A reference letter for an academic position will read very different from a reference letter for a prospective landlord. Consider whether you can reasonably provide the type of reference required. If you do not know the candidate well, or if you are unable to give them a positive reference, you should encourage them to seek someone else. Format your letter as a standard business letter, and briefly introduce yourself at the start. Confirm key facts about the applicant (e.g. how long they worked for you, and in what role). Provide your judgement upon the candidate’s skills and qualities. Be honest, but do focus on the things that you feel will reflect the candidate in a positive light. If you’re asking someone to provide a reference letter, you should approach them in an appropriate way, and give them the information they need in order to write you a good reference. Reference Letter Quiz For each question, select the correct answer. 1. Your reference letter should be formatted as: A business letter An informal letter 2. When writing a reference letter, you should focus on the candidates weaknesses strengths 3. If you dont know someone well enough to write a good, honest reference, you should: sk them to write the whole reference so you can just sign your name to it Suggest they find someone else to write it 4. When you write a reference letter, the spelling and grammar are important dont really matter Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceExpanded and ExtendedRite, Write, Right, Wright

Words That Evolved from the Latin Term for Turn

Words That Evolved from the Latin Term for Turn Words That Evolved from the Latin Term for Turn Words That Evolved from the Latin Term for Turn By Mark Nichol A small group of words ending in -volve share an etymological origin of the Latin verb volvere, meaning â€Å"turn,† but they have some cousins whose family resemblance is not obvious. Here are some expected and unexpected words with that ancestor in common. The words that obviously stem from -volve include evolve, meaning â€Å"change,† â€Å"develop,† or â€Å"grow† and its noun form, evolution. That word is most familiar in reference to the scientific theory of change by natural processes over long periods of time, but it can also generically apply to any iteration. The antonym of evolution is devolution, though the word also has a neutral or positive connotation of transfer of rights or responsibilities from a central government to local authorities; the verb form is devolve. To involve is to include or envelop (the noun form is involvement), and to revolve is to turn again; revolution can refer to the repeated turning of an object (such as an engine) or to the overturning of one government in favor of another. A revolver, meanwhile, is a handgun with a rotating cylinder that positions each bullet to be fired in turn. Convolve is a rarely used word meaning â€Å"turn together,† though the noun form, convolution, is sometimes employed to refer to something with intricate turns or curves or, figuratively, something complicated, and the adjective form convoluted is common. Another unusual word, circumvolve, means â€Å"wind or wrap around†; its noun form, circumvolution, is also seldom seen. Words that also ultimately (but not obviously) derive from volvere include vault, the word for an arched or domed structure (and, by extension, any underground or similarly protected chamber), and valve, the name for a device that is turned (or, in the case of musical wind instruments, pressed) to produce a desired result. Volume, the word for a measure of sound, mass, or some other quantity (and, by extension, a collection of content), also stems from volvere, as does voluble, an adjective describing someone who speaks quickly and energetically (though it also refers to rotation), and the noun volute refers to something with a spiral or scroll shape. Volte-face is the French translation, adopted into English, of about-face, meaning â€Å"reversal† or â€Å"sudden change in attitude.† Finally, vulva, the name for the external part of female genitalia, may be related to and even descended from volvere in the sense that it appears to roll away from the vagina or to resemble a wrapper. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of Infinitives55 Boxing Idioms150 Foreign Expressions to Inspire You

How advertising may shift purchases between firms and industries Dissertation

How advertising may shift purchases between firms and industries - Dissertation Example persuasive advertising was conceptualised to modify, alter and twist consumers’ tastes. It warps the information that consumers receive, sometimes confusing them or worse, misleading them, making it very hard for them to make informed choices. As it is, basic consumer theory is founded on utility functions, and utility itself is characterised as the satisfaction drawn from the ownership of consumption goods and services. These goods are essential as they gratify the needs and wants of the individual. These physical and psychological needs are known as â€Å"preferences,† and these are believed to be given and to change slowly over time. Persuasive advertising is aimed at affecting and modifying consumers’ preferences. Economic literature is equally divided on the informative or persuasive nature of advertising. Marshall calls it, constructive advertising that is, these are â€Å"measures designed to draw attention to opportunities for buying and selling† and combative advertising which, according to Marshall, involves social wastes. The conventional notion of advertising exemplified in the writings of Kaldor, Bain, Galbraith, and Comanor and Wilson is predisposed to a negative stance of its expediency. The whole contention is that advertising plays a role in bending consumer preferences, whereby consumers are convinced and influenced to buy products that are heavily promoted, in consequence, there exist the exploitation of market power by charging higher prices for branded products.

Read the article first, then answer the question Assignment

Read the article first, then answer the question - Assignment Example Public praise and recognition are examples of intrinsic rewards, while tangible rewards in the workplace such as promotions are examples of extrinsic rewards. A good leader is able to inspire others through his actions, words, and job achievements. In workplaces were the bosses show favoritism employees often get discourage and lose motivation. Felt inequity in the workplace is a factor that destroys motivation. Equity theory states that employees will react based on their felt perception of fairness and justice (Managementstudyguide). Motivating the employees is in the best interest of the manager or leader. Employees that are motivated are more likely able to achieve job satisfaction. â€Å"In order for an organization to be successful they must continuously ensure the satisfaction of their employees† (Arizona). Companies that have motivated staffs suffer from lower employee turnover rate. Losing employees is not in the best interest of companies since employee churn hurts the company in terms of training cost, productivity, and recruiting expenses. In the case study Bonuses can Backfire the company made the mistake of relying solely on bonuses to motivate employees. The use of rewards can reduce the employees’ intrinsic interest in the task they are supposed to perform. A more effective strategy is for a manager to combine the use of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. It is important for employees to get the moral support of their superiors. Often intangible rewards such as telling a worker that they did a good job at the end of the shift can inspire the employee. Sometimes employees cheat the system and act in unethical and illicit manners in order to obtain a financial reward. Kenneth Fay, former CEO of Enron, is an example of an executive that falsified financial information to obtain an economic benefit. His bonuses were tied to the financial performance of the corporation. Companies must never

What impact have successful women made in the U.S. hospitality Thesis

What impact have successful women made in the U.S. hospitality industry as leaders - Thesis Example This paper discusses the impact successful women leaders have made in the U.S Hospitality industry especially in the last five years. The paper starts with a brief history of women’s position two decades ago and the changes that took place over the time. The various reasons leading to the advancement of women in the hospitality industry and the consequences have been discussed in details. This paper also provides examples of different successful women leaders and organizations who have contributed in the up gradation of the women in this industry. Although women have progressed immensely in the hospitality industry holding key managerial positions but still there are a few challenges which they are facing today and this has been discussed later on. The paper has been concluded by providing solutions for the existing challenges so as to make the future a better place for women to work in. In 1984, Nora Frenkiel had quoted â€Å"there is a ‘glass ceiling’ in the mi ddle of the ladder leading to the top, and it cannot be seen. ‘But when women run into it they bump their heads and cannot move beyond it without the women’s movement.† ‘Glass ceiling’ is a term given by the US government in 1970 to define the artificial barriers that restricts a women from taking top managerial jobs (as cited in Dass, A.Singh & R.Singh, 2011). Women have always been forced to stay behind men in all the industries whether it is business, medicine, politics or hospitality. Although they have been marching ahead in all the fields but still men continue to hold the key managerial positions. The women’s continued struggle to occupy major leadership roles has seen many hurdles and barriers basically due to the traditional culture and history of hospitality industry. However, the last decade has seen a lot of changes and growth prospects for women in this industry. Due to sheer hard work and the inherent qualities a women possesses t hey have started occupying key management roles and positions in many places like restaurants, hotels, catering firms, and resorts among others. Industry experts have predicted that women’s role in key positions will continue to rise as hospitality industry is struggling to match its steps with the growth and demand in this field (â€Å"Women in hospitality†, n.d). In this paper we shall discuss the various factors that have brought a significant impact on the role of women as leaders in the hospitality industry. The main factors that have broken the ‘glass ceiling’ has been the change in the perception of people about women, the education and advancement of women, globalization and advancement of technology, formation of various women coaching institutes, the government and so on. There are many examples of successful women and companies who have helped in bringing about the change in the status of women in the hospitality industry and set an example for others to follow. Before we discuss about them, a brief history about women’s position in the last few decades will help explain what has brought about the changes. If we trace back to history we will find that women have been working only in the role of defacto leadership such as supervising or managing, a family owned business or performing additional responsibilities in the absence of their bosses (â€Å"Women in hospitality†, n.d). However, there was an upheaval in the US in the 1970’s by the feminists. Women fought for their rights to gain importance in work places and the allowance to climb the ladder of key roles in management. The hospitality industry also faced similar drawbacks- there were no female chefs, only few female restaurateurs and women were not even given the opportunity to serve as waiting staffs in fine dining places. There was an era when women were not considered for managerial positions and if they attained any such status their pay was much less than men (Les Damed d’ Escoffier International [LDEI], 2011). Although, the beginning

Three Islamic Leadership Principles Theology Religion Essay

Three Islamic Leadership Principles Theology Religion Essay This chapter elaborates and discusses elements which contribute on the literature review. This chapter started with review of the job performance, follows by the literature review on leadership and then literature review on Islamic Leadership. This literature was about the relationship between Islamic Leadership principles towards Job Performance. The literature was then compressed into the conceptual framework that represents the organizing concept of the study conducted by the researchers. 2.1 JOB PERFORMANCE According to the Murphy 1989, Job performance is defines as behaviors that have a relationship to the goals of the organization. Besides that, other definition of job performance as action and behaviors that control under each individual that contributes to the organizational s goals and measured by the individual level of proficiency (Campbell, 1990). Kane (1986) defined job performance as a record of outcomes achieved in carrying out the job function during the specified period. Alternatively, Rotundo (2000) argues that this definition includes a variety of job behaviors and that some behaviors contribute to the employees duties and responsibilities, while other behaviors still affect the goals of the organization but do not fall under duties and responsibilities. To understand the job performance is determine whether an individual job performance changes over time or still stable from year to year. Job performance can be improved by with leadership, training, work experience, and also by mentoring or coaching. Job performance have to be differentiated between other measures of performance that are sometimes used interchangeably or maybe incorrectly so. The often way to measure job performance is a leader rate his or her employees job performance (Rotundo Maria, 2002). Some research has shown that leadership integrates a great deal of information in these ratings. Performance measurement systems usually focus on the supervisor or manager as the rater of the job performance. As the leader, the challenge is determine on how it affect individual behavior and the work situations can be structured to achieve maximum employee job performance. Effective leadership generates improved motivation and effort. 2.2 LEADERSHIP Northouse (2011), said that being a leader is challenging, exciting plus rewarding, and carries a lot of responsibilities. A leader also should be fully aware of the followers and their interests, ideas, positions, attitudes, and motivations. Leadership is showing the way and helping or inducing others to pursue it. This includes envisioning a desirable future, promoting a clear purpose or mission, supportive values and intelligent strategies, and empowering and engaging those entire concerned (Gill, 2011). Allio (2009), in his article has listed the big five ideas; (1) good leaders have good character, (2) theres no best way to lead, (3) leaders must collaborate, (4) adaptability makes longevity possible and (5) leaders are self-made. However, a lot of the research in business and management has considered organizations as a religion neutral sphere, and as a result religion was not deemed worthy of study (Majeed, Khalid and Khan, 2011). As researchers keep on discussing about leadership, they only focused on Western business environment (Bass, 1999; Yukl, 2002; Fiedler, 1967; Stogdill, 1974). 2.3 ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP The Quran and hadith (the everyday actions and sayings of the Prophet) has explained about leadership qualities some fourteen centuries ago have only been discussed and emerged in the modern times. To thee a Book explaining All things, a Guide, a Mercy, And Glad Tidings to Muslims. (Al-Nahl, 16:89). And We appointed, from among them, leaders, giving guidance under Our command, so long as they persevered with patience and continued to have faith in Our Signs. (As-Sajdah 32:24). Abbas Ali (2005) mentioned in his book, Islamic Perspectives On Management and Organization, Islamic Leadership is a set of shared influence process. The Quran clearly calls for a leader to be flexible and approachable to followers and they comfort for commitment with the presence of these qualities within an organization. Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) and Ibn Taimiya (1263-1328) opinion about leadership has been accepted. Ibn Khaldun (p,112) stated that several qualities are important for a leader like, tolerance towards weak, forgiveness of error, patience and hospitality toward guests. Lacking of these skills may decrease the quality of good leader. Next, Beekun and Badawi (1998), stated that, one of the definitions of Islamic Leadership is, the effort that takes by the leader to seeks the voluntary participations of followers in order to achieve the organizational objectives. Moreover, the leaders must be the role models in the organization and guide them in way of happiness in life (Abbasi, Rehman and Afsar, 2009). According to Moten (2011) he stated that the Western secular societies do not have a clear picture of leadership phenomenon from an Islamic Perspective. He added that there are several factors to describe reasons for the need of Islamic Leadership (Moten, 2011). Firstly, there is no distinction between the spiritual and temporal affairs in Islam whereby both lies down and moving together encircling all spheres of human life, (Moten, 2011). To strengthen this statement, Islam teachings according to Iqbal and Mohamad (1962), is not a departmental affair, it is neither mere thought, nor mere feeling, nor mere action; it is an expression of the whole man. Secondly, Moten (2011) points out, the need for implementation of the Islamic Leadership is because based on central concept of Islam i.e., tawhid (unity and sovereignty of Allah), refuse the power of control and command to anyone but Allah, the creator and Nourishes of the universe. To support his statement, Moten referred the Quran (3 :189, 6:57), the command rests with none but Allah to disclaim anyone who claims absolute right and power over anything. Next, Islam perceives that every individual and society activity is for the sake of Allah, Moten (2011). Relation between one creaturess with other creatures is built upon his distinctive relation to Allah. Thus, it is not a dyadic relationship between two believers but it is a triadic relationship in that each is relating to other through Allah as the intermediary, Moten (2011). After submitting the need for Islamic Leadership, Moten (2011) give his point of view on leadership in Islam. According to him, leadership in Islam is a process of communication and a moral activity between the equals directed towards reaching the organization goal, (Moten, 2011). He added, as the leader and the followers both understand the goal and actively joint together for the accomplishment of the goal, the accomplishment of that goal assumes the form of worship or ibadah, hence, the leadership in Islam can be seen as ibadah, (Moten, 2011). The Quran, Sunnah, and the jurisprudence give a comprehensive code of laws: social, moral, political, administrative, economic, civil, religious, and ethical to guide the Muslim leaders to run Islamic organizations appropriately and effectively (Aabed, 2006). Ali (2009) mentioned that, leader is obliged and illustrates a willingness to listen, openness, and concern in dealing with subordinates or follower. Islamic Leadership is defined as a group of leadership principles extracted from the Quran and the biography of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, structured of good and ethical leadership essential to guide organizations appropriately and effectively. Moreover, it made up noblest Islamic traditions of science, worship, justice, and Ihsan(doing good) and to hammer these values in Muslim, (Khaliq, 2009; Khan, 2007). Besides that, Islam urged the leaders to pay attention to followers needs. It is because, it is trusteeship of Allah, a given responsibility given from him and a service to the mankind, (Toor, 2007). If Allah puts anyone in the position of authority over the Muslims affairs and he secludes himself (from them), not fulfilling their needs, wants, and poverty, Allah will keep Himself away from him, not fulfilling his need, want, and poverty (Sahih Muslim). Leadership is a responsibility which is shared by all adults in a Muslim society as Islam point of view (Mohsen, 2007). As pointed out clearly by Prophet Muhammad in one of the hadiths, Every one of you is a shepherd and everyone is responsible for what he is shepherd of (Bukhari and Muslim). There are some sign for a Muslim that considered good in implementing Islamic values (Abdul Hakim, 2011). Islamic ideas in performance emphasize a high standard of trust, honesty and reliability toward overall behavior. The employees daily activities should be conducted in the strictest obedience to Allah SWT commandments (Dr. Abdullah Mohammed Seidu). As mentioned by A. Hakim (2012), it is very important to understand the Islamic spiritual motivations, including faith, devoting and Islamic application rules. And they have to understand them completely (kaffah) spiritual motivation will give the urge to do the job as well as possible. Therefore, leadership development is one of the important subjects in Islamic teachings (Majeed, Khalid and Khan, 2011). From an Islamic perspective, followings are some of the key attributes for effective leadership; Justice (al Adl), Trust (al Amanah) and Honesty (al Sidq). The organization performance and goals will be achieved in terms of employee performance and there comfort for commitment with the presence of these qualities within an organization. Following are three principles of Islamic Leadership. 2.3.1 THREE ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES Justice (al Adl) The management leaders must behave with team members equitable and fairly without any discrimination about their race, color or religion. Islam always called human being for doing justice to all. Besides that, the Quran also gives the direction to Muslims to be fair and just in any situation even if the decisions goes against their parents or themselves (Ather Syed Mohammad, Sobhani Farid Ahammad, 2007). Allah SWT says: O you, who believe! Stand out firmly for justice, aswitness to Allah, even as against yourselves or your parents or your kin and whether it be against rich or poor, for Allah protects both.(Surah An-Nisa, Verse-135). According to Imam Hasan (2011), the concept of justice flows directly from the law giver Himself, Allah (SWT) so that the council of jurists having the legislative function interpreted by the law by the direct source is the Quran and Hadith to come at a just decision on issues that beneficial to the community. These concepts from the merciful Allah (SWT) frees any individual from accusations as all decisions flow and are based on Allahs commands (Imam Hasan Qasim Okikiola, 2011). Trust (al Amanah) Trust plays an important role for a leader. Allah says in the Quran, Those who faithfully observe their trusts and their covenants, (23:08), and Surely Allah commands you to make over trusts to their owners and that when you judge between people you judge with justice; surely Allah admonishes you with what is excellent; surely Allah is Seeing, Hearing, (04:58), and O you who believe! Be not unfaithful to Allah and the Messenger, nor be unfaithful to your trusts while you know. (08:27). Leaders in organization should be a trustworthy person and can be relying on (Alhabshi et. al, 1994). According to Yunus Mohamad, (2011) amanah is from the word Aman that gives a means like peace, no fear or threat but in Islamic terminology it means honesty and fulfilling the rights of people and Allah SWT. Mohammad Yunus on May 02, 2011 Amanah is fulfilling responsibilities in a good manner, with all talent and potentials, it is an amanah but not fulfilling the responsibilities is a mistrust and deception. He it is that has made you inheritors in the earth: if, then, any do reject (Allah), their rejection (works) against themselves: their rejection but adds to the odium for the Unbelievers in the sight of their Lord: their rejection but adds to (their own) undoing. (Fatir, 35:39). Honesty (al Sidq) According to Beekun and Badawi (2012), honesty of the leaders is considered as to the extent that there is consistency between word and action. Leaders do what they say they are going to do. The Prophet Moses himself is labeled as strong and trustworthy by one of the damsels (as in chapter 28: 26) while the Prophet Joseph is cited as one who is truthful in the Holy Quran. (Chapter 12: 46) Similarly, the Prophet Muhammad during his youth used to be called  Sadiq  (the truthful) and  Amin  (the trustworthy). Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), said successful leaders are open with their followers, do not violate confidences, discreet and or carelessly reveal potentially harmful information. As cited in Kirkpatrik and Locke (1991), Kouzes and Posner conclude: Honesty is absolutely important to leadership. If we are willing to follow a person, whether it is into a fight or into the boardroom, we first want to guarantee ourselves that the person is worth to be trusted. We need to know whether the person is being truthful, ethical, and principled. We want to be fully assured in the integrity of our leaders. 2.4 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Table 2.1 below was summary of the independent and dependent variables of this research. The summary illustrates relationship between Principles of Islamic Leadership and Job Performance. Independent Variable Dependent Variable Islamic Leadership Principles: 1. Justice (al Adl) 2. Trust (al Amanah) 3. Honesty (al Siddiq) Job Performance Table 2.1: Independent variables and Dependent Variable Figure 2.2 below illustrate the conceptual framework for this study. This figure demonstrates the relationship between Islamic Leadership Principles toward Job Performance. Islamic Leadership Principles: Independent Variable Justice (al- Adl) Trust (al- Amanah) Job Performance Honesty (al Sidq) Dependent Variable Independent Variable Figure 2.2: Conceptual Framework 2.5 SUMMARY This chapter appraises the relationship between Islamic Leadership principles towards Job Performance and the conceptual framework that presents the organizing concept of this study. Chapter 3 will discuss about the methodologies used by the researchers in order to collect and analyze the data of the study.